Second-Order Thinking

Second-order thinking is one of the mental models for improved decision-making. This framework refers to the practice of thinking of thinking beyond direct and immediate consequences of our decisions or actions. It involves a consideration for the possible second-order repercussions or effects of our actions.  In other words, it prompts us to consider how our decisions will affect not just the present situation, but also future outcomes.

This mode of thinking and decision-making differs from first-order thinking primarily in the timeframe. While the former focuses on the direct and immediate effects of our decisions and actions, the latter focuses more on the indirect and long-term effects. A first-order thinking may consider the consumption of a given food product by simply focusing on taste preferences. In contrast, a second-order thinking may also consider the long-term health effects of our favorite food beyond just its great taste.

All in all, second-order thinking is an important framework that can help us improve our decision-making